Fibrin, a plasma protein is well known for enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. However, to obtain functional hepatic like cells, homing/ niche/microenvironment is critical. There are many factors which contribute to the potential of MSCs in cell therapy which includes ease of accessibility, less time requirements for growth and expansion, ease of biopreservation, less chance of teratoma formation, immunomodulation and minimal ethical issues. ADMSCs hold promise here due to its multi lineage differentiation potential as well as non immunogenic nature. Alternative cell sources for hepatic differentiation could be possible way for overcoming this scarcity. This led to critical scarcity of human hepatocytes as a stumbling block to advancement of cell-based therapies. However, autologous hepatic tissue maintain the phenotype of primary hepatocytes in culture limits the application. Cell-based therapeutic strategies includes various approaches like cell transplantation and bioartificial liver devices. Mesenchymal stem cells provide a good platform for stem cell therapy.
Various types of stem cells have been used for differentiation towards hepatic cells including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, however ethical concerns for embryonic stem cells makes it difficult to use for therapeutic application. Cell based therapy could be an alternative approach to this problem. However, due to the shortage of organ donors the morbidity has increase significantly. Liver failure has increased in recent years and liver transplantation is becoming the only solution available. Liver is one of the vital organs of the human body having critical roles to play including storage and release of glucose, conversion of ammonia to urea, removal of drugs and toxins from blood etc. KeywordsĪdipose derived mesenchymal stem cells Hepatic differentiation Glycogen storageĪdipose derived mesenchymal stem cells articles Hepatic differentiation articles Glycogen storage articles Article Details 1. This approach may be used to generate alternative cell source for hepatic tissue engineering. It was observed the fibrin niche supports the hepatic differentiation and differentiated cells shows hepatic functions.
Functionality of the differentiated hepatic like cells was analyzed using Cyto P 450, glycogen storage and urea/albumin assay at different time points. Two step induction was used for differentiating into hepatic like cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and characterized. Fibrin provides better cell adhesion and proliferation. In the present study we tried to explore differentiation of mesodermal origin cells to the endodermal origin hepatic cells under different culture conditions including fibrin niche and adipocytes derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium. Stem cells could be an alternative strategy if differentiated to functional hepatic like cells by providing suitable niche or culture conditions. Tissue engineered approaches have been used for hepatic regeneration and growing hepatic cells in-vitro, however it remains challenging due to the lesser proliferative capacity of the hepatic cells as well as cell source availability due to damaged tissues.
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